Page 199 - CW E-Magazine (8-10-2024)

Special Report Special Report

formaldehyde bath under standard GA combines with phenol in alka- antibiotics and aroma chemicals, but ted at about 200-kt in 2022 and is
conditions. Glyoxylate ions in the line medium to give 4-hydroxyman- also in cosmetics, agrochemicals, expected to grow at a CAGR of about
plating bath have no vapor pressure delic acid with good selectivity. colorants and pigments. It is pre- 6.5% to 2032.
and show good reducing power in dominantly sold as a 50% aqueous
the electroless copper plating. Market size solution. The majority of the GA is con-
Commercially, GA is used mainly sumed for the production of amoxy-
Therefore, GA can replace formal in the production of semi-synthetic The global GA market is estima- cillin and vanillin.
dehyde, and eliminate health and
environmental problems resulting Global capacity for GA is about
from generation of the fumes. 150-ktpa, and the vast majority of
the capacity is in China.
Biogenic amines visualizer
GA can undergo various conden- Clariant operated a 12-ktpa GA
sation reactions and thus is com- plant in Zhenjiang in Jiangsu pro-
monly used for visual detection of vince, China, based on a proprietary
biogenic amines in histological sec-
tions. This is the sucrose-phosphate- Table 4: Applications of GA
GA (SPG) histo-fluorescence method zation to achieve commercial-grade is used to prepare the semisynthetic Category/chemical CAS no Category/chemical CAS no
for the visualization of monoamines vanillin(5). cephalosporins cephalothin and Food & speciality chemicals Tapentadol HCl 175591-09-0
in tissues where the fluorescence cefoxitin.
is analysed by fluorescence micro- The mandelic acid intermediate Vanillin 121-33-5 Aprepitant 170729-80-3
scopy. It is used for counterstaining may be modified further: reaction of Fine chemicals(6) Ethyl vanillin 121-32-4 Vilanterol 503068-34-6
tissues. phenol and GA in the presence of a At slightly alkaline pH, GA reacts
reducing agent such as phosphorus- with amides such as acrylamide to 3,4-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde 139-85-5 Vidupiprant 1169483-24-2
Flavours and fragrances Allantoin 97-59-6
GA can be used as a key raw
material for different aromas such Cosmetics Additives Aluminum chlorhydroxyallantoinate 1317-25-5
as vanillin, ethyl vanillin and Allantoin 97-59-6 Tapentadol 175591-23-8
heliotropin. Mandelic acid 90-64-2 / 611-72-3 (R)-Sulindac 190967-68-1

The reaction with phenols is used 2-Aminoquinoxaline 5424-05-5 Ubenimex 58970-76-6
in several industrial syntheses of Brivaracetam 357336-20-0
benzaldehydes. For example, guaia-
col is converted to vanillin by oxi- Pharmaceuticals Agrochemicals
dative decarboxylation of the corres- Tidiacic 30097-06-4 Chlorobenzilate 510-15-6
ponding mandelic acid. Quinine 130-95-0 Aluminium chlorhydroxyallantoinate 1317-25-5
iodine leads directly to hydroxy- form acrylamidoglycolic acid (AGA),
Synthetic vanillin from several phenylacetic acid, a building block which is used as a co-polymerizable Orotic acid 65-86-1 Clofencet 129025-54-3
facilities – in China, in the US, for pharmaceuticals such as Atenolol. crosslinking agent. Several derivatives Emtricitabine 143491-57-0 Trifl oxystrobin 141517-21-7
India and France – from GA and of AGA have found industrial appli-
guaiacol satisfies nearly the whole With thiophene, this reaction cations; e.g., the methyl ether ester is Tosufl oxacin tosylate 115964-29-9 Pyroxasulfone 447399-55-5
fraction of the global and rising yields 2-thienylacetic acid, which used in coatings for automobiles. Orphenadrine hydrochloride 341-69-5 Ipfencarbazone 212201-70-2
demand for vanillin. GA and guaiacol
react in a two-step method, involv- Fingolimod 162359-55-9 Tyclopyrazofl or 1477919-27-9
ing condensation promoted by base, Edaglitazone 213411-83-7
then oxidative decarboxylation Vildagliptin 274901-16-5 Veterinary Drugs
of vanillylmandelic acid to vanil-
lin catalysed by copper in an aque- Ethyl biscoumacetate 548-00-5 Cloprostenol Sodium 55028-72-3
ous alkaline medium at 80-130°C. Tacrolimus 104987-11-3 Tasipimidine 1465908-70-6
Crude vanillin is purified through
vacuum distillation and recrystalli- Pregabalin 148553-50-8 Tasipimidine sulfate 1465908-73-9

198 Chemical Weekly October 8, 2024 Chemical Weekly October 8, 2024 199

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