Page 170 - CW E-Magazine (26-11-2024)

Special Report Special Report

low molecular weight polymers with the K. Bastani et al have come out with the reduce energy consumption. (Chem. Eng. There are multiple telescoped unit conti- illustrated by electrohydrodimerisation
reactive diguaiacyl oxalate (DGO) chain strategy of optimisation by re-designing Res. Des. 2024, 208, August, 753-764; nuous operations, including a Br/Mg of acrylonitrile to adiponitride, oxida-
extender. DGO is so reactive that metal the reactor feeding and using polymeric DOI; 10.1016/j.cherd.2024.07.044). exchange reaction. The product from tion of p-methoxytoluene to p-anisic
catalysts can be completely eliminated membrane to separate CH and produce the reaction mixture is obtained after aldehyde (as Dimethylacetal) (simul-
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and helps avoiding an extra solid-state pure nitrogen. The maximum effi ciency Advances in fl uidised bed continuous aqueous acidic hydrolysis, taneously) reduction at cathode e.g., of
polymerisation. This DGO can be even- increase reaches 19% for a single pass photocatalysis neutralisation/extraction, water wash, phthalic anhydride to phthalide.]
tually completely removed from the through the reactor. The PFMMD-CTFE and phase separation. A pilot plant was
resulting polymer. (Green Chem., 2024; copolymer membrane with a total area of C. Gusmao et al have referred to photo- designed on the basis of the laboratory D. Lehnherr and L. Chen have given
DOI: 10.1039/D46c2791D). 1550-sq.m. is required to separate CH , catalysis as an emerging promising experiments to manufacture at a scale a very comprehensive account of this
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and cellulose acetate membrane with technology to address environmental of 1 kg per hour. (Org. Proc. Res. Dev. bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate, subject. A reference should be made to
Ozonolysis with MnO : A a total are of 1343.9-sq.m. is required. issues in a sustainable way. Fluidised 2023; DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.3c00235). which is useful ingredient for yarns, the Roche process for the oxidation of
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safe and cost-effi cient way The effi ciency of NH production can Bed Reactors (FBRs) offer superior resins, and fi laments. Spandex breaks diacetone-L-Sorbose to diacetone-3-
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for producing aldehydes and be increased by 2.74% by the sugges- photo-oxidation rates and higher mass Gas-Inducing-Impellers (GII) down to 4,4’-methylenedianiline, a keto-L-gulonic acid for Vitamin C.
ketones ted strategy. (Chem. Eng. Sci., 2024, transfer effi ciency metrics in evaluating [GII have made exemplary improve- key component in polyurethane foams This review is split into three categories:
[O production requires only electrical 300, 5 Dec., 120613; DOI; 10.1016/j. FBRs including space-time yield, photo- ments in hydrogenation and there have and fi breglass plastics. (Sci. Adv. 2024; (1) oxidations; (2) reductions; and (3)
ces.2024.120613).
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energy, and ozonolysis has been com- catalytic space-time yield, specific been improvements in the impeller DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ado.6827; cited redox-neutral transformations with
mercially adopted a long time ago e.g., Sustainable apple juice removal rate, and electrical energy design. There are a number of hydroge- in Chemistry World, 2024, August regard to the desired reaction.
for vegetable oils with double bond – consumption. This review provides nators in India where GIIs are used in an p.367).
e.g., making brassylic acid.] concentration: A fusion of insights into designing, developing, impressive way. The original work star- This review has summarised in a very
pasteurisation and membrane and optimising fl uidised photocatalysis. ted in UDCT, Mumbai, in early 1970s.] Directional glycolysis of nice way various electrochemical reactor
T. Ren et al have referred to the for- distillation (MD) UV-A LEDs outperform lamps in energy waste PET using Deep designs:
mation and accumulation of peroxides consumption. Synergistics effects such E.E. Abyaneh et al have published Eutectic Solvents (DESs) for
which affects safety. MnO decomposes F. Jia et al have come out with the title as photocatalyst type, irradiation source critical review of gas-liquid mixing in Oxidation: The alpha-methoxylation
2 preparation of aromatic based of an amine – e.g., Shono-oxidation
strategy for apple juice concentration, and reactor design should be carefully GIIs and modelling CFD simulation, polyurethane elastomers
which is important in industry as apple considered. (Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2024; and artificial neural network (ANN) of a carbamate-protected pyrroline in
juice is popular in market. The conven- DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.4c00821). applications are covered. This review F. Li et al have synthesised a series of methanol using graphite and Et NOTs.
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tional method has high energy consump- has highlighted the importance of DESs based on L-Proline (LP) and its Similarly, AbbVie company has reported
tion and even negatively affects the qua- Development of a continuous focusing on double-impeller systems as derivatives and used as catalysts for a kg scale Shono oxidation of Cbz-pro-
lity. A single MD concentrates the juice fl ow Grignard Reaction a practical solution for large-scale GII glycolysis of PET using 1,4-butanediol tected pyrrolidine. Many examples are
more than 3.65 times. The fi nal product (GR) to manufacture a key Reactors. Estimation of critical impeller and PET degraded completely and gave given, e.g., Diphenyl acetic acid to
and reduces the complex peroxides. with a total soluble solids (TSS) content intermediate of Ipatasertib (I) speed, induced gas fl ow rate, etc. are monomeric bis(4-hydroxybutyl)tere- methoxydiphenylmethane.
Solvent and substrate structures do of 60 “Brix” after vacuum evaporation covered. There is a need to understand phthalate (BHBT) in 67% yield. DFT Hofmann rearrangement is also reported.
infl uence MnO activity. A novel in situ (VE) re-concentration has better quality D. Kaldre et al have referred to the non-Newtonian fl ow behaviour. Scale-up calculations were done. Eventually, Allylic oxidation is also covered.
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MnO assisted process is suggested. in terms of acidity and total phenols con- use of I for the treatment of metastatic processes are discussed. aromatic-based polyurethane elasto-
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(ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng., 2024; tent. The MD pre-concentration process castration-resistant prostate cancer and mers (PUEs) were prepared with PET Reductions: C-H phosphorylation of
DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.4c05463). used uncooled pasteurised apple juice to triple-negative metastatic breast cancer. Recycling of mixed textiles glycolysis products bis(2-hydroxyethyl) 2-phenylpyridine; also of mesitylene.
Reduction of maleic acid to succinic
Optimisation of ammonia [This is an emerging problem as we terephthalate (BHET) and BHBT as acid. Electrochemical Birch Reduction
have blends of polyester, cotton, viscose, chain extenders. This proved to be use-
production unit using nylons, and even elastomeric fibres ful. (Green Chem., 2024; DOI: 10.1039/ of CH PhOTBS. Pfizer has reported
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polymeric membrane (Spandex).] D4GC 00292). Birch Reduction of 3-methylanisole to
[Manufacture of ammonia by the Haber- get a diene. Many other examples of
Bosch process in 1909/1911 is an ep- E. Andini et al have come out with a Recent scale-ups in organic Birch Reductions are given.
och-making event and after nearly 120 new chemical recycling strategy which electrosynthesis (2000-2023) Redox-Neutral reaction: An example of Ni
years we are witnessing improvements breaks down polyester and Spandex [Electrochemical processes are attract- catalysed C-N coupling from Aryl halides
in the process, even though the basic into useful monomers, while keeping ing a lot of attention due to widely avail- using secondary amines, e.g., BF CPhBr
structure of the original catalyst still cotton and nylon intact and ready for able renewable energy and attractive reaction with N-BOC piperidine. 3
continues. Numerous improvements in reuse. Currently, less than 1% is recycled. features of “Electrons” as “Clean”.
the fl owsheet have been commerciali- The strategy uses microwave-assisted This column has covered this topic Many examples are given, and a refe-
sed and a follow-on reactor using a Ru glycolysis with a zinc oxide catalyst several times. Apart from large-scale rence should be made to the full paper.
based catalyst, which operates at lower to separate polyester, cotton, nylon caustic soda, aluminium, etc., speciality (Org. Proc. Res. Dev.; DOI: 10.1021/
temperature, has been introduced.] and Spandex. Polyester degrades to chemicals have attracted this strategy as acs.oprd.3c00340).

170 Chemical Weekly November 26, 2024 Chemical Weekly November 26, 2024 171

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