Page 183 - CW E-Magazine (10-10-2023)

Special Report Special Report

The designed thermosets show high tion. These authors have worked on L in polyethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate New functional polymer mate- These modifi ed resins have desirable cal bonds and converts lignocellulosic
glass transition values of 134-199°C, place of petro-phenol for making resins. (PEF) to replaced fossil-based PET. rials via click chemistry-based properties. (ACS Omega; DOI: 10.1021/ biomass into cellulose, sugars and lignin.
high storage moduli and high crosslink- They have reviewed L-based phenolic However, the exploitation of BHMF modifi cation of cellulose acetate acsomega.2C07140). This seems to be an effi cient process,
ing densities and gel content, 99%+. resin (LPA) synthesis, highlighting the has received inadequate attention, (CA) operating at the boiling point of water.
These epoxy resins can be considered as different L modifi cation methods, and which can be obtained from renewable [CA has been known for a long time, Herbaceous plants-derived hy- Here no fancy catalyst is used and mineral
alternative to petroleum-based products compared the performance of different source such as sugars (e.g., D-Fruc- which could go as thermoplastic, fi lm and droxycinnamic acid (HCA) units acids are also not used. Pilot plant was at
for civil, automotive, marine, aerospace, LPA products and summarised their tose) and these authors have brought fi bre purposes and even for membranes, for constructing recyclable and 50 kg per batch. Now the company is pre-
and space. (Green Chem., 2023; DOI: application in adhesives, foams, mould- out BHMF-based polyesters and their but, unfortunately, even with the empha- controllable copolyesters paring to process 10,000-tpa of feedstock,
10.1039/D2GC04414E). ing powders, micro-/nano-spheres. degradability is discussed. BHMF’s sis on renewable raw materials, is not largely from saw mill residues. This can
(Green Chem. 2023; DOI: 10.1039/ toxicity is also briefl y discussed. (ACS receiving adequate attention.] J. Shi et al have emphasised the avail- give 2,500-tonnes of lignin; 5,000-tonnes
Selective reduction of cardanol D2GC04319J). Omega, 2023; DOI:10.1021/acsomega. ability of lignin (L), which can provide of cellulose and 2,000-tonnes of mixed
derivatives 2c07529). M. Rohri et al have partially acrylated CA valuable feedstocks. Ethyl coumarate/ sugars. Development of sonication tech-
Sustainable Lignin (L) modifi - and the resulting CA acrylate (acryl-sub- ferulate can be sourced from L over a nology was done. (Chemistry World,
S. Ahmed et al have worked on the renew- cations and processing methods Toward sustainable production stitution degree of 0.2) was further ZnMoO /MCH-41 catalyst. These are 2023, March, 20, Issue 3, p. 24).
4
able raw material, Cashew Nut Shell Liq- of sugar-based alkyl polygluco- processed via quantitative thio-Michael one-pot fl uorosulfonation, carboxylation,
uid (CNSL), where decarboxylation leads B. Jacobs et al have discussed the green- side surfactant Click reactions with various thiols. Such and esterifi cation, give aromatic diesters The wonderful wizards of wood
to cardanol and cardol, roughly in a ratio ness of valorisation strategies and detailed polymers were studied and the modi- in high yields. These can be copolymeri- K. Chapman has discussed how clever
of 4:1, which is referred to as technical evaluation of different solvents is given; S.Y. Chin et al have reviewed this fi cation with fatty alcohol thiols led to sed with renewably-based butanediol and chemistry can turn humble timber into
CNSL. Further vacuum distillation gives green ionic liquids can also be used. subject to identify the challenges and hydrophobic materials with large water adipic acid, resulting in a new family of a sustainable material with many uses.
Green L modifi cation and depolymeri- opportunities in sustainable production of drop contact angles. Octadecylthio-, aliphatic-aromatic polyesters, which dis- There is a reference to L. Hu’s work
sation to increase the solubility, reac- sugar-based alkyl polyglucoside (APG). butoxycarbonylpropylthio-, and furanthio- play controllable mechanical, optical and where using NaOH and Na SO with lit-
3
2
tivity and processability are discussed. The production route and downstream modifi cations gave highly transparent thermal performance. These copolyesters tle heat and pressure we can make wood
(Green Chem., 2023; DOI: 10.1039/ processes are covered; both the chemi- materials. These can be completely dis- can be fully converted into monomers bounce like a ping-pong ball or squish it
D2GC04699G). cally and biologically catalysed synthe- integrated. Barrier properties are encour- via ethanolysis at 80°C, thus ensuring like a rubber toy, or even make it stronger
sis process; type of reactor, replacement aging. (ACS Omega, 2023; DOI: 10/1021/ recyclability. (Green Chem., 2023; DOI: than steel. “Wood is a new metal, a new
Biobased 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl) of homogeneous with heterogeneous acsomega.2C06811). 10.1039/D2GC04372F). plastic, a new concrete”. There is a refere-
furan (BHMF) as a versatile catalyst, etc. are discussed. The use of Full bio-based aerogel incorpo- nce to work on wood to make satellites,
building block for sustainable recyclable green solvent is covered. Effi cient toughening of DGEBA rating lignin (L) for excellent which could be burnt after use. It seems
polymeric materials In the case of catalysis by enzymes it with a bio-based protocatechuic fl ame retardancy, mechanical re- 15 billion trees are cut down every year
[This column has covered many papers should be used in immobilised form. acid (PA) derivative sistance, and thermal insulation for lumber, paper or pulp. Wood is really a
based on furan derivatives and this The removal of fatty alcohol from APG three-dimensional biopolymer composite.
cardanol, where there is mixture of unsatu- subject continues to attract attention which should be done by less energy- X. Fang et al have synthesised a bio- Q. Cen et al have referred to aerogels Wood is treated with acetic anhydride
rated side chains. These authors have and many products have been commer- intensive extraction process to replace the based epoxy resin, protocatechuic as prospective insulation material in the to make it stronger and does not decay,
carried out Ru-based catalyst transfer cialised.] existing evaporative method deserves diester based on protocatechuic acid construction industry due to their low swell or shrink. Wood can be considered
hydrogenation to give monounsaturated an intensive investigation. (Ind. Eng. (PCA) and have fully characterised the thermal conductivity. They have made as a nanocomposite. For strengthening
side chain as a valuable intermediate. C. Post et al have referred to the cur- Chem. Res., 2023; DOI: 10.1021/acs. resins. This was added to diglycidyl sodium alginate (SA), sodium lignosul- the wood, the lignin and hemicellulose
Isopropanol was used for transfer hydro- rent furanic polymers represented by iecr.2c04039). ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) and the fonate (LS) and phytic acid aerogels in in the wood are partially stripped using
genation. (Catalysis Sci. Technol., 2023; modifi ed epoxy resins were cured by a quick and facile way. L was added as a mixture of 2.5 M NaOH and 0.4 M
DOI: 10.1039/D3C100135K). 4,4’-diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM). a structural reinforcer and char-forming Na SO and then pressed at 100°C and
2
3
agent, leading to desirable properties; thus super-wood is obtained. Many other
Lignin (L) as a green and suppresses smoke. This is an example of features are reported, including optical
multi-functional alternative to high-value utilisation of L. (ACS Sustain- properties. (Chemistry World, 2023,
phenol for resin synthesis able Chem. Eng., 2023; DOI: 10.1021/ March, 20, Issue 3, p. 28-33).
acssuschemeng.2C07652).
W. Li et al have referred to phenolic Castor Oil (CO) derived indus-
resins being widely used in many fi elds Transforming sawdust with trial products
such as moulding plastics, foams, coat- ultrasound (u/s) [India is a leading producer of CO and
ings, and semiconductor packaging, classical products like Turkey Red Oil,
owing to their good properties including Bio-Sep uses a patented u/s process to DCO, etc. are well known. The making
corrosion resistance, heat resistance, generate cavitation – focused high pres- of Nylon 11 and sebacic acid for Nylons
fl ame resistance, and electrical insula- sure waves, which gently breaks chemi- opened new vistas.]

182 Chemical Weekly October 10, 2023 Chemical Weekly October 10, 2023 183

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