Page 182 - CW E-Magazine (14-5-2024)

Special Report

corn steep as substrates the production of tration of glycerine and increases PD fl asks. There was further work done
ophiobolin F is reported. (Green Chem., concentration to 64.4-gm per litre and to get GA. By controlling the redox
2023; DOI: 10.1039/D3GC01770B). yield of 0.58-gm per gm up to 75.7% potential at – 190 mV in 5 litre bio-
and 38%, respectively. (Green Chem., reactors, their strain produced 1.9-gm
Bioconversion of CO and 2023; DOI: 10.1039/D3GC01586F). per litre GA with a yield of 0.12-gm per
2
potential of gas fermentation gm of glycerol. (ACS Sustainable Chem.
for mainstream applications A reacting multi-phase compu- Eng.; DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.
tational fl ow model (CFM) 3c06030).
D.U. Malusare et al have reviewed for 2,3-butanediol (BD)
the critical advances and engineering synthesis in industrial-scale Green biocatalytic (R)-(+)-
challenges in this very important area. bioreactors limonene (L) oxidation
Microbial conversion of CO contain- [BD was made via fermentation during
2
ing gases into fuels and chemicals the second world war to make buta- M. Kutyla et al have worked on the
is reviewed with respect to different diene.] readily available renewable from
reactor confi gurations and various other orange/lime peels. The lyophilised
engineering aspects. Thus, stirred tank H. Sitaraman et al have mentioned that mycelium of psychrophilic cladosporium
and bubble column reactors are consi- the microbe, Zymomonas mobilis, effi - cladosporioides 01 was found to be an
dered. (Can. J. Chem. Eng., 2023; DOI: ciently converts sugars to BD, only in a effi cient biocatalyst for green chemo-
10.1002/cjce.24977). well-controlled micro-aerated environ- enzymatic epoxidation of L in ethyl
ment. A CFM was adopted for reacting acetate. Modelling was done using
Artifi cial Intelligence (AI) multi-phase fl ows in large-scale bio- H O . At 55°C, 99.8% oxidation of L to L
2
2
system for enhanced automated reactors. A model was created and vali- 1,2-epoxide at 56.3% and L 8,9-epoxide
1,3-propanediol (PD) green dated against experiments, and linked at 0.3% and diepoxide at 43% is repor-
biosynthesis to CFD solver. Large-scale, 500 cu.m., ted. (Green Chem., 2024; DOI:
[PD became a centre of attraction when bubble column simulations were done 10.1039/D3GC02141F).
DuPont had come out with a new poly- and 25% improvement in BD yield is
ester where PTA was condensed with reported. A low height to diameter bub- Development of a sustainable
PD rather than MEG. Two routes are ble column is recommended, with low chemoenzymatic process for
followed for PD: Biotransformation; sparging rate of 0.002 m/s. (Chem. Eng. (S)-Pregabalin (P) synthesis
petrochemical – ex acrolein.] Res. Des., 2023, 197, Sep., 38-52; DOI: via nitrilase (N)-catalysed
10.1016/j.cherd.2023.07.031). hydrolysis and continuous
J. Huang et al have worked on PD from fl ow racemisation
crude glycerol and they have come out Biosynthesis of the rose mono-
with an extraordinary AI system for the terpenes geraniol (G) and C-P Lin et al have immobilised N on
entirely automated fed-batch fermenta- geraniol acetate (GA) epoxy resin for the biosynthesis of
tion for PD, including a sensor, predictor, (S)-3-cyano-5-methylhexanoic acid
controller, and automation system. G and GA are well known perfumery (CMHA), which is the precursor of
This strategy allows a low concen- chemicals. S. Shukal et al have come P. Isobutylsuccinonitrile (IBSN) was
out with microaero- converted to CMHA with a conver-
bic fermentation to sion of 45.3% and ee of 99.5%. The
achieve high-litre unreacted IBSN was continuously
productivity. These racemised by the gamma alumina-based
authors have used solid base catalysts in a packed bed
rose NUDIX hydro- reactor. CMHA was subsequently
lase in place of G separated and a membrane separa-
synthase to get G in E. tion system was developed and 95%
coli. The fi nal strain yield was obtained. This was sub-
produced 1.05-gm per sequently hydrogenated in one step to
litre monoterpenes in P in a yield of 88%. (Org. Proc. Res.
total, including 0.91- Dev. 2024; DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.
gm per litre of G in 3c00441).

182 Chemical Weekly May 14, 2024

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