Page 180 - CW E-Magazine (11-6-2024)

Special Report Special Report

Bio-based silicon and bio-based tripropylene glycol diacrylate via com-
silica bined free radical/cationic dual curing.
This is also an excellent reactive diluent.
R. Ciriminna et al have referred to the The product has very useful properties
metallurgical grade Si (Si ) obtained and is promising. (Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.,
MG
by capital- and energy-intensive carbo- 2024; DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.3C04101).
thermal reduction of quartz at 1,900°C
in arc furnace and uses 10-11 kWh for A systematic study of the pro-
1-kg of Si MG ; electricity constitutes cesses of Lignin (L) extraction
40% of the cost. The world produced, and nanodispersion to control
in 2022, 3-mt of Si , but demand was properties and functionality
MG
slightly higher at 3.5-3.75 mt (price
went up from $2,000-3,000 per tonne in E. Sheridan et al have reviewed a variety
2021, to $6,000-9,000 per tonne). China for national energy security. Bio-based conditions such as, solvent, catalyst, of literature-reported L isolation proce-
produced 80% of the global production. process has distinct advantages. Highly- temperature, acidity, and feed concentra- dures, which bring changes in properties
45% of Si goes for Al alloys; 35% for dispersible silica can partially replace tion were varied to unravel the chemistry of the produced extracts. Fine Ls were
MG
silicone; 15% for photovoltaic cells; and carbon black in tyres. (ChemSusChem, and improve the reaction performance. produced or acquired and characterised;
5% for semiconductors. Polysilicon for 2023,16; DOI: 10.1002/csc.202300762). Cu-based catalysts gave the highest based on their thermal properties, mole-
solar-grade saw production of 465,000 selectivity for ring-rearrangement, ap- cular weights, chemical structure, as
using supported Pd nanoparticles. Pd foil sectors, which uses only 30% to 40% tonnes in 2017. There is thus a need for P roduction of methyl lactate proaching 50 mole%. (ChemSusChem., well elemental composition and their
or Pd- based catalysts give hexenedioic of the fi sh as food, with the remaining a new technology to manufacture high (ML) with Sn-USγ and Sn-β 2024; DOI: 101002/cssc.202400108).
acid. Thus, we have structure-sensitive 60% to 70% being by-products. One avenue purity Si (1,000-tpa in 2010 required with real hemicellulose (HC) properties varied with the change of
design strategies. (Green Chem., 2024; is to convert fi sh skin into leather. This €100-mn). extraction procedures. Nanolignins
DOI: 10.1039/D3GC03021K). new fi sh leather has interesting properties, Valorisation of HC is an important prob- Valorisation of spent coffee generated via only solvent exchange
in part due to its microstructure, but has Bioderived SiO comes from rice husk lem, which is attracting a lot of attention. ground (SCG) as a natural anti- exhibited diameters ranging from 58-nm
2
Vegan areca palm leather – shortcomings due to high hydrophilicity ash (RHA) and amorphous precipitated J.M. Jimenez-Martin et al have come oxidant; use for sunfl ower oil to 95-nm. The method of preparation
greatly infl uences properties. The nano-
waste-to-wealth generation and water absorption. A water protecting SiO is commercially made. It is now out with a potentially useful process. shelf-life extension lignins can be used in construction, medi-
2
through agri-start up coating has been developed using only possible to depolymerise SiO using K-exchanged Sn-β and Sn-USγ were cal, and /or agriculture. (Green Chem.,
2
two other food by-products, namely, caustic bases in the presence of alcohols, tested for the title transformation (of L. Bijla et al have worked on the title
K.K.P. Patil et al have discussed valori- epoxidised soybean oil and the fatty acid especially diols such as ethylene glycol various aldoses – hexoses and pentoses), subject and antioxidant capacity and 2023; DOI: 10.1030/D3GC04299E).
sation of areca leaf sheath, a by-product, trimer, Pripol. These were deposited on or hexylene glycol, to give distillable which gave outstanding catalytic activity chemical profi ling was done. Ethanolic In-TS-1 Zeolite (ITZ) for methyl
which was earlier wasted by farmers in leather and then crosslinked to make alkoxysilanes (e.g., spiroloxanes, Sp) in and selectivity toward ML. Pathways SCG extract (SCGE) was used and
the fi eld. There are several areca leaf leather hydrophobic. (Green Chem., one pot at low temperature, vs the present are discussed – dihydroxyacetone and examined at 60°C for 120 days. SCGE lactate (MLA) from fructose
plate and bowl manufacturing units, 2024; DOI: 10.1039/D3GC040811). method of reacting SiCl with alcohols glycolaldehyde. Alkyl lactates can be at 0.01%, 0.02% and 0.03% were
4
which have spurred demand for areca to tetralkoxysilanes. RHA is 85% amor- made. Sugarcane bagasse is included. studied and were found to have high Y. Jiang et al have reported an encapsu-
leaf, but enough is available for value- Innovation in natural rubber phous and is a highly reactive product. Real hemicellulose hydrolysate obtained antioxidant capacity (0.03%). (Eur. J. lation strategy for the title catalyst and
added products. In Karnataka, this latex coagulation using CO from Scots pine through a simple gamma- Lipid Sci. Technol., 2024; DOI: 10.1002/ have fully characterised the catalyst by
resource has been converted as palm microbubbles 2 In the bio-based process for solar grade valerolactone (GVL)-based organosol ejit.202300115). different methods. A remarkable yield
leather, without any environmental con- Si the carbon content of RHA is used process provided confirmation. This of about 72% is reported for MLA.
cerns. This development is economically S.T.M. Maung et al have come out with to promote the conversion of SiO to study provides a way to valorise a Low-shrinkage and degradable (Green Chem., 2024; DOI: 10.1039/
2
rewarding. (Current Science, 2024, 126, the title strategy in place of the use of ultra-pure Si and process details are plentiful feedstock. (ACS Sustainable UV imprint lithography based D3GC05195A).
No.1, 10 Jan, 94-98). acids which gives sub-par product quality given. RHA is fi rst purifi ed. This process Chem. Eng., 2024; DOI: 10.1024/acs- on biomass-derived epoxidised
and waste. This title process intensifi ca- is very benign on energy consumption. suschemeng.3C07356). soybean oil (SO) and carda-
Hydrophobic and water-resis- tion is a novel approach, and the physical The burning of RH gives energy. nol (C)
tant fi sh leather, a fully sustain- and mechanical properties of the solid Ultra-pure precipitated SiO is made Furfural (F) to cyclopentanone
2
able combination of discarded rubber products are characterised. This from RHA via sodium silicate and sub- (CP) Z. Liu et al have reported a novel
biomass and by-product of the led to shorter processing times and sequent reaction with HCl (or H SO ). photoresist with an extremely low
food industry reduced the generation of acidic waste. 2 4 R. Baldenhofer et al have reported the volume shrinkage (1.17%) and excel-
(Chem. Eng. Processing – Process Inten- These authors have discussed economic reductive rearrangement of biomass- lent degradation ability of UV imprint
M. Fadda et al have referred to fish sifi cation, 2023,193, Nov.109556; DOI: and industrial aspects. Manufacturing derived F to CP. Here heavy by-products lithography. This uses renewable raw
farming as one of the fastest growing 10.1016/j.sep.2023.109556). of polysilicon is a crucial requirement are formed and to avoid this process materials epoxidised SO, cardanol, and

180 Chemical Weekly June 11, 2024 Chemical Weekly June 11, 2024 181

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