Page 171 - CW E-Magazine (26-12-2023)

Special Report Special Report

rate in the traditional esterification obvious advantages in this strategy. Co from the raffi nate. Here 93% of Co and Heavier fractions can undergo FCC.
reactions. The example taken was of (Chem. Eng. Technol., 2023; DOI: 64% of Li got precipitated to form amor- (Energy Fuels, 2023; DOI: 10.1021/acs.
methanol + acetic acid to methyl acetate 10.1002/ceat.202200624). phous Co-bearing carbonate and Li CO . energyfuels.3C00847).
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+ water. Here conventional liquid-liq- This process merits attention. (ACS Sus-
uid reaction has been exchanged with Reticular synthesis of Metal- tainable. Chem. Eng., 2023; DOI: 10.1021/ Ionic Liquid Membranes
gas-liquid reaction and this allows higher Organic Frameworks (MOFs) acssuschemeng.3C01714). (ILMs) for liquid separation
conversion than RD column in lesser by 8-connected quadrangular
time. PTSA was used as catalyst. Even prism ligands for water Perspective in resource recovery S. Chen et al have covered this subject,
an AI model was adopted. (Chem. Eng. harvesting from RO brines which has attracted attention due to the
Process – Process Intensifi cation, 2023, [Water harvesting from air is attracting D. Acevedo et al have referred to the unique coordination properties offered
191, September, 109435; DOI:10.1016/j. a lot of attention and this column has sustainable seawater refi neries for small by both ILs and membranes and have
sep.2023.109435). covered some papers of MOFs, which islands (Aruba in Central America). These potential applications. Supported ILMs
are playing an important role.] authors have considered economic value (SILMs); IL-Polymer Membranes (IL-
Evaluation of hybrid amines from desalination plants of medium scale PMs); Poly(IL) Membranes (PILMs);
Lithium (L) Environmental studies have been con- and alcohol solvent with ion- W. Liu et al have emphasised that utili- with respect to production of Mg, caustic and IL Polymer Inclusion Membranes
ducted or are being conducted. exchange resin catalysts for sation of rigid, highly connected organic (ILPIMs) are discussed with respect
There is intense interest in recovering linker is critical for the reticular synthe- soda, chlorine-based products, rubidium to preparation strategy, applicability,
L from different sources like mining Reactive Distillation (RD) energy-effi cient CO capture sis of functional MOFs. and possible energy recovery through stability, and transport mechanism.
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from ores and extracting from brines, osmotic gradients and/or hydrogen Design and optimisation are dis-
besides recovering from used batteries. RD process for cyclohexyl O. Sun et al have referred to the energy These authors have described the con- storage; Li harvesting is insuffi cient. It is cussed. (Green Chem; DOI: 10.1039/
There is a very useful coverage on this acetate synthesis consumption in desorption of loaded struction of two bcu Zn-based MOFs interesting that the economic value from D3GC01533E).
subject by M.P. Bailey in a recent issue [Asahi of Japan have developed the novel amines. [Ways of improving energy (called ZnMOF-1) and possessing 8 resources recovered from brine may be
of Chemical Engineering Magazine process of selective hydrogenation of consumption have been covered in carboxylic groups at the prism vertices. even larger than the value of the fresh Phosphorus (P) recovery from
(June, 2023 issue). It seems 60-70% of benzene to cyclohexene, which can go up this column.] Cation exchange resin, There is large area and high water water. (J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., hydrothermal carbonisation
global L reserves are to be found in the to about 50% conversion and then cata- Amberyst 15, signifi cantly increased the intake capacity of 0.83 g H O per gm 2023; DOI: 10.1002/jctb.7469). (HTC) of organic waste
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brines of South America, notably the lytically hydrogenated to cyclohexane amine regeneration rate and improved MOF-1 at P/P =0.90 and 25°C. There is [This column has referred to the impend-
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salars of Chile, Argentina and Bolivia. selectively as benzene and cyclohexane the amount of CO desorbed by 21%. excellent durability of over 500 cycles. High-throughput crystallisation ing shortage of P, which is essential for
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There is some hope of recovering L from do not react. However, an alternate way The catalytic mechanism is reported. (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.; DOI: 10.1002/ screening technique with trans- fertilisers, and uncommon sources are
geothermal brines. is to make cyclohexyl acetate, hydrolyse With 12.5% ethanol and 2 wt% resin, anie.202305144). mission PXRD analysis under consideration.]
for 5m MEA system, a reduction of
Direct L production has acquired and recycle acetic acid, and Sharma and 59% in the energy demand is reported. Separation and recovery of V.W. Rosso et al have referred to a small N. Khalaf et al have compared different
importance and in 2022 Energy Explo- co-workers had proposed this more than (Green Chem., 2023; DOI: 10.1039/ valuable metals from NH scale (0.5-2 mg) crystalliser screening techniques for P-recovery from waste
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ration Technologies Inc. became the 25 years ago and there have been follow- D3GC00820G). leaching solution of spent Li- array that reproducibly crystallises streams and have brought out the
fi rst company to build an in-fi eld pilot ing papers. RD has distinct advantages.] ion batteries compounds and samples to an automated advantages of HTC. P-recovery from
plant. This uses membrane extraction, Z. Hou et al have worked on understand- A novel strategy for deracemisa- [The recovery of Li, Co, Ni, etc. from polarised light microscope and instrument HTC products on the lab scale and
solvent extraction and ion absorption. L ing the quantitative matching principle tion using periodic fl uctuation used batteries is attracting a lot of atten- capable of PXRD analysis. Multiple industrial scales have been studied. There
recovery to the extent of 90% + seems of Reaction and Distillation. These of concentration tion due to the paucity of Li and Co in polymorphs of test compound have been are several challenges for optimisation.
to have been realised. Scale-up to 50-tpa authors have used KRD001#SCPI and [Deracemisation is of great interest in particular and this column has covered seen and that too with a meagre 200 mg (J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., 2023;
is being done. HY@SiC catalytic packings. Based pharma industry and in some other some papers.] of input material. (Org. Proc. Res. Dev., DOI: 10.1002/jctb.7475).

The preferred form of L in batteries is on this rigorous study a matching form industries.] J. Yu et al have referred to the wide- 2023; DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.3C00091).
as LiOH monohydrate. The process of of RD is proposed, which meets the K. Intaraboonrod and A.E. Flood have spread use of NH leaching due to its Pursuing the end-of-life tire A robust COF @ MXene mem-
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converting Li CO to LiOH is not techno- high separation effi ciency. (Ind. Eng. come out with a novel concept via perio- exceptional selectivity. A novel process circularity: Valorisation of Tyre brane for ultra-high fl ux of water-
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logically attractive and a process, at pilot Chem. Res., 2023; DOI: 10.1021/acs. dic fl uctuation of solute concentration is reported for recovering Li, Ni, Co Pyrolysis Oil (TPO) in-oil emulsion separation
plant, has been developed to get 99.5%+ iecr.3C01137). and demonstrated this method. Vacuum and Cu from the NH .H O-(NH ) CO J. Wang et al have prepared super
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LiOH monohydrate. The first step is evaporation under isothermal conditions leaching solution. To start MEXTRAL F. Campuzano et al have referred to the hydrophobic COF-stabilised Mxene
selective extraction of L directly from Intensifi cation of esterifi cation induced fluctuation in concentration 54-100 solvent was used to selectively valuable chemicals, including benzene, separation membrane. Ultra-high separa-
brine using a proprietary automated reaction with microbubble under isothermal condition, followed recover more than 98% of Ni and Cu toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes, limo- tion fl uxes of up to 54,280 l.sq.m.per.hr
Molecular Recognition Technology (MRT), mediated RD by re-addition of solvent. N-(2-methyl- and subsequent stripping of the leached nene, etc., which need to be valorised. and 643,200 l.sq.m.per.hour per bar are
benzylidene)-phenylglycine amide
which uses SuperLig resin beads, which (NMPA) was deracemised. The strategy liquor with H SO gave NiSO and Simple burning of TPO is not desirable. reported by adopting gravity and external
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gives highly selective Li extraction. This T. Istkhar et al have adopted microbub- is explained and pure enantiomorph CuSO . Subsequently, NH distillation Different pathways to recover the above pressure, respectively. (Chem. Commun.,
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is in the process of commercialisation. ble technology for increasing reaction of NMPA could be obtained. There are process was deployed to recover Li and components in TPO are discussed. 2023; DOI: 10.1039/D3CC01951A).
170 Chemical Weekly December 26, 2023 Chemical Weekly December 26, 2023 171
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