Page 181 - CW E-Magazine (22-4-2025)

Special Report

out. For maximum yield catalyst, tem- thermosets. These also offer other popular optimisation. (A.I.Ch.E Jl.,2024; DOI:
perature, and solvent systems are critical. features such as self-healing, weldability, 10.1002/aic.18642).
There is emphasis on bagasse as a feed- configurability, and shape memory.
stock. Research priorities are given for Most CANs are still petroleum based. Unleashing the potential of
economically and commercially scalable There authors have given a perspective Castor Oil (CO) as extraction
F production. (Chem. Eng. Res. Des., which focuses on all the research found solvent of carotenoids from
2024, 212, December,261-280; DOI: on L-based CANs; both those starting tomatoes
10.1016/j.cherd.2024.10.035). from fractionated L and from L-based
monomers. These hold great potential. B.M.C. Vaz et al have worked on the title
Enhancing rigid polyurethane These authors have also given some ex- problem where CO was used simultane-
foam properties with amples of thermoset polymers based on ously as solvent and stabilizing agent.
Lignin (L)-based core-shell L building blocks, which can be used for CO is a well-known natural oil (India is
intumescent fl ame retardants CANs design. (ACS Sustainable Chem. the lead producer in the world) which is

F. Tian et al have referred to L as an Eng., 2023; DOI: 10.1021/acssuschem. used in several cosmetic formulations
abundant polyphenolic biomass which eng.3C03248). as it reduces moisture loss and enhances
has excellent carbonization potential skin hydration. CO has proved to be a
that makes it highly promising for deve- Simultaneous optimisation good solvent and acts as a preservative.
loping eco-friendly flame retardants. of simulated moving bed (Sepn. Purfn. Technol., 2025, 358, Part A,
These authors have combined ammonium adsorption (SMBA) and 7 June, 130278; DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.
polyphosphate (APP) and alkaline L distillation for 2,3-butanediol 2024.130278).
(AL) to create a novel core-shell fl ame (BD) recovery
retardant, APP@AL which was then [BD was made during the Second World Enhanced glucan-chitin
applied to rigid polyurethane foam for War by fermentation for full dehydra- complex extraction from
improving its fl ame retardancy. There tion to butadiene. This BD still merits deoiled yeast biomass for
is smoke suppression. The content of alteration as it can be converted to sustainable biorefi nery
APP@AL was 25% of the urethane. value-added products.] application
Banerjee et al have referred to spent
biomasses which have remained under-
utilized and are rich in valuable car-
bohydrates. De-oiled yeast biomass
has carbohydrates to the extent of 64.5
wt %, which comes from oleaginous
fermentation process. Enrichment and
extraction of the glucan-chitin complex
is considered. This strategy can be inte-
grated with the yeast lipid production.
(ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng., 2024;
DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.4C02179).

A comparative study of
This is a novel strategy. (ACS Sustain- M. Avendano et al have reported a com- 5-(chloromethyl)furfual
able Chem. Eng., 2024; DOI:10.1021/ bined SMBA and distillation to recover (CMF) and 5-(hydroxymethyl)
acssuschemeng.4C06677). BD from a dilute fermentation broth. furfural (HMF)
Lignin (L)-based covalent This was integrated into a lignocellulosic
adoptable network (CANs) biorefi nery. This recovery is a challenging S. Karimi et al have referred to CMF and
polymers process, particularly due to high energy HMF as platform molecules, which can
cost. Adsorption in nanoporous mate- produce a wide range of useful products.
D. Benedetto Tiz et al have referred rials can reject 90% of the water and The chlorine group in CMF creates new
to CANs as these provide an innova- thus reduce the subsequent distillation potential compared to the HMF mole-
tive link between thermoplastics and costs. Rigorous models were used for cules; CMF can be extracted from the

Chemical Weekly April 22, 2025 181

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