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Special Report
GC with estimated prevention of (3S,5R)-Dihydroxy-6-(benzyloxy) to the traditional batch processes. The
80-million gallons of waste. Hexanoic Acid, Ethyl Ester for success of the entire process is credited
Statins (Anticholesterol Drugs); to the continuous process technologies
There are many more examples (S)-2-[3,2[7-Chloro-2-quinolinyl] facilitated by fl ow chemistry, analytical
available in the literature(3). These ethenyl]-phenyl-3 hydroxypropyl] science and engineering, process
include synthesis of Artemisinin, Silde- benzoic Acid, Methyl Ester for modelling, and equipment design.
nafi l Citrate, Atorvastatin, Paroxetine, Montelukast;
Sitagliptin, Levetiracetam, Pregabalin, The enzymatic preparation of (R)- Conclusions
β-Lactam Antibiotics, Aprepitant, Allylic Alcohol for an Integrin The idea of GC and its principles
Imatinib, Paclitaxel, Celecoxib, Clopi- Receptor Antagonist etc. have been known since 1990, but the
dogrel Bisulfate, Quinapril, Valsartan, real implementation of these rules in
LY300164 (a potential drug majorly Continuous processing and process drug designing and synthesis has still
for the treatment of neurodegenerative intensifi cation been limited. But the implication of
disorders like Alzheimer’s epilepsy The idea of Continuous Processing GC in synthesis in the form of green
and Huntingdon’s diseases), ABT-546 and Process Intensifi cation (PI) has solvents, alternative reaction media,
(a potent, highly selective, and active attracted the full attention of synthetic minimizing waste, and retaining effi -
endothelin ETA receptor antagonist). organic chemists since the beginning cacy will always remain in the fore-
of the 21st century. The reasons are front. Continuous processing is another
Green synthesis of starting raw materials environmental awareness and constant acceptable approach for swift reaction
The green synthesis of starting raw pressure from the legislators to curtail times, rapid reaction screening and
materials can ultimately lead to the the emissions of synthetic waste and optimization, operational protection,
greenness of fi nal APIs by maintaining promote energy effi ciency by adopting improved automation with feasible in-
the green chemistry principles from start greener technologies. clusion of in-line reaction analysis, and
to end of the synthesis journey of an API. easy scalability to plant scale. Process
Continuous processing is well intensifi cation offers modernization and
Some examples include synthesis of: accepted due to its benefi ts suchas quick innovation of new hybrid equipment by
Ketal Ester for Oseltamivir reaction times, rapid reaction screening scrapping old-age reactions and units
Phosphate; and optimization, operational safety, for high reactor yield productivity and
(S)-N-BOC-3-Hydroxyadamantyl- enhanced automation with feasible in- eventually high-purity products.
glycine for Saxagliptin; clusion of in-line reaction analysis, and
(S)-tert-Leucine for Atazanavir, effortless scalability to the plant scale. REFERENCES
Boceprevir, and Telaprevir; Similarly, PI can offer modernization 1. Green Chemistry. U.S. Environ-
Allysine Ethylene Acetal for and invention of new equipment design mental Protection Agency. https://
Vanlev, Dihydrodiols for Indinavir and processing to enhance process effi - www.epa.gov/greenchemistry. Up-
(Crixivan); ciency and the development of new-age dated November 2, 2022. Accessed
(R)-3-(4-Fluorophenyl)-2-hydroxy reactors and hybrid units, as well as November 22, 2022.
propionic scid for Rhinovirus Pro separation technologies offering high 2. Desai, M., Njoku, A., and Nimo-
tease Inhibitor Rupintrivir (AG7088); reactor yield productivity and eventu- Sefah, L. Comparing Environmental
(R)-Phenylacetyl Carbinol for ally high-purity products. Policies to Reduce Pharmaceutical
Ephedrine; Pollution and Address Disparities.
(S)-3-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-5- Thus, at times an old-age process International Journal of Environ-
ethoxy-5-oxopentanoic Acid for NK1/ can be upgraded through Continuous mental Research and Public Health.
NK2 Dual Antagonists; Processing and PI, without changing https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/
Nitroalkanes for Tamsulosin and the reaction scheme at all. Eli Lilly pro- articles/PMC9325029/. Published
Selegiline; duced around 3-kg of prexasertib mono- July 7, 2022. Accessed November
(1S,2R)-[3-Chloro-2-hydroxy-1- lactate monohydrate per day, employing 22, 2022.
(phenylmethyl)propyl]-carbamic small continuous reactors, extractors, 3. Kar S., Sanderson H., Roy K., Ben-
acid, 1,1-Dimethylethyl Ester for evaporators, crystallizers, and fi lters in fenati E., and Leszczynski L., Green
Atazanavir; the laboratory fume hoods. This con- Chemistry in the Synthesis of Pharma-
N-Acetylneuraminic Acid for tinuous process allowed superior per- ceuticals, Chem. Rev. 2022, 122,
Zanamivir (Relenza); formance and process safety relative 3637−3710.
Chemical Weekly December 3, 2024 205
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